Quantum computing and fault tolerance
Quantum processors encode information in qubits that can exhibit superposition and entanglement. Algorithms manipulate amplitudes through controlled operations and measurements. Real devices are sensitive to noise, decoherence, imperfect gates and readout errors.
Scalable quantum computation requires error-detection and correction strategies, logical qubits, control electronics and meaningful workloads. Demonstrating more physical qubits alone is not evidence of universal practical advantage. Near-term value is explored across simulation, sensing, networking and algorithms with carefully chosen benchmarks.

